How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe ADHD is a normal child's condition, but it can also affect adults. Getting diagnosed and treated for ADHD can help improve the quality of life of a person.
Interviewing the individual and their family members can be part of an evaluation for ADHD. The specialist may look over old school records to see whether the symptoms started in the early years of childhood.
Symptoms
ADHD is a condition that affects work, school, and home life. Everyone has difficulty concentrating and focusing from time to time. A person must show major symptoms in two of these areas, and that they significantly affect the daily functioning of the person for them to be identified as having ADHD. The symptoms must also have been present for at least six months.
A doctor will ask the patient about his or her symptoms, and also about any medical issues and family history. They can also use rating systems to gauge symptoms in children or adults. These questionnaires are based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). These include questions about symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Adults may be asked to talk with their significant other or someone who knows them well. This isn't to doubt the honesty of the patient, but to gain more insight into the person's behavior that cannot be gathered from a questionnaire. They could inquire about childhood behaviors and use old school records to determine if symptoms began before the age of 12.
Before determining the cause, the doctor will conduct an extensive physical exam and run tests in order to rule other conditions out for thyroid issues or head injuries that could cause similar symptoms. The doctor will also review the patient's list of medications. adult adhd diagnosis uk will consider the interaction between stimulants and certain medications prescribed for depression, high blood pressure, and other conditions. It is essential that adults talk to their primary healthcare providers in the event that they suspect they be suffering from ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be considered to have ADHD symptoms must manifest in at least two different settings (such as home, school, and work) and cause impairment to functioning. The symptoms must have appeared before the age of 12 and can't be caused by another disorder such as anxiety or depression.
A mental health professional will use different tools to assess the patient, including ADHD symptom lists, standardized behaviour rating scales and a thorough medical history. They may interview friends and family members to see how the person's symptoms have affected them. They will also ask whether there are any other physical or mental conditions that have similar symptoms.
The evaluators will consider whether the symptoms are serious or mild. They will also examine the medical history of the patient and family history to make sure there is no root reason for their symptoms, such as thyroid disorders and head injuries, as well as medication.
In certain instances, an evaluator may want to conduct a cognitive test or request an imaging test to rule out other causes for their symptoms, such as learning disabilities, mood disorders personality disorders, and addiction to drugs. People suffering from these disorders typically present differently than those who do not have them. Boys tend to show hyperactive symptoms, while girls display inattentional symptoms.
Some people with ADHD might be interested in participating in an experiment in order to test out new treatments. This is an excellent chance to conduct further research. However, participants must be aware that the primary objective of these studies is scientific knowledge and is not an assurance of treatment. Visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials Fact Sheet for more information on clinical trials.
Treatment
For a person who suspects they have ADHD, it's important to find a professional who is experienced in diagnosing the disorder. Check with your health insurance provider to determine if ADHD specialists are covered, and seek out referrals from your family doctor or other health care providers. Word-of mouth recommendations are also a good option.
A doctor will ask the patient - or their parents in the case of children - about their symptoms. She may use standardized questionnaires or ADHD symptoms checklists, or ask for information from other people in the patient's life, such as spouses and family members. Personal insight can provide more information than what can be learned from questionnaires.
An expert will also want to review any records that the person may have, particularly old school reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is often dependent on the past of the individual. To be considered diagnosed the symptoms must have been present from the time of childhood (technically, before the age 12).
A physical exam is also conducted. It will look for any other medical conditions that may be causing symptoms, like seizures or thyroid issues. The doctor will usually conduct a neurological exam which checks for motor control and coordination. Psychological tests that measure the ability to think and be smart could be utilized. The test subject may be required to perform simple computer tasks to test memory and attention. This could assist an expert determine whether someone is hyperactive or not. The expert will decide on a diagnosis and recommend treatment. The treatment typically includes therapy and medication. Psychotherapy or talk therapy may help adults and children learn healthy ways to cope and change destructive thought patterns. This therapy can be done by the primary care physician or a mental health professional who specializes in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people suffering from ADHD improve by taking medication. However this isn't the only way to treat the condition. Children, teenagers and adults can also benefit from a psychotherapy session, behavioral therapy or a combination of both. These therapies assist them in dealing with their ADHD symptoms and learn to live with these symptoms. Psychoeducation, which is a form of education on ADHD and ways to manage it, may be included. They can also involve teachers, family members, and other professionals.
It is important to locate a health care provider or mental health professional who has experience treating ADHD. You can ask other people with ADHD for suggestions or a mental health practitioner you trust. You can also do an online search. It's best to find a specialist who is familiar with your insurance plan.
The doctor will ask you or your child about symptoms and problems that are caused by ADHD. They will perform a physical examination and check for any other health issues that may trigger similar symptoms. They will go over the medical and family history of you or your child and also school records and other documents.
The process of diagnosing ADHD in adults can be a bit more difficult due to the fact that the Symptom Guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-V) are primarily designed to diagnose children. Your health care provider will talk to you or your child about the signs and may also ask others who spend a lot of time with them to complete questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants such as methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, and atomox as well as non-stimulants like atomoxetine and antidepressants. They work by increasing and balancing the levels of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people who suffer from ADHD have co-occurring disorders such as anxiety or depression. The treatment should therefore include therapy that addresses these issues. Certain patients may benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy, which teaches skills like time and task management as well as emotional self-regulation.
Additionally, therapists can assist patients in managing their symptoms by making lifestyle modifications. For example, a regular exercise routine can reduce hyperactivity and increase concentration. A healthy diet is crucial too. People suffering from ADHD tend eat more fat and sugar and less fruits and vegetables. Making family and social relationships a top priority can help decrease stress and make individuals feel more in control of their lives.
Another major benefit of having an ADHD diagnosis is that it provides children and adults a clearer comprehension of their issues. For example, a child who has ADHD may have trouble communicating his or her needs to peers and teachers however, once a teacher understands that it's not due to laziness, accommodations can be made.
A professional who conducts an ADHD assessment will ask questions geared toward the person's age, interview family members and teachers and review medical records and determine if there are any comorbid conditions. If ADHD symptoms began before the age of adulthood school records could be helpful for adults.
A physical exam is typically included, and the expert will likely look for hearing and vision problems. The doctor may also perform a blood test to look for certain hormones and other health conditions that can cause ADHD-like symptoms.